The tube slides into a grommet in the bottom of the block and the tube is also bolted to the side of the block. Either the bolt is loose/missing or the grommet is missing. The tube may be broken off or pulled out of the grommet at the bottom also.

The tube needs to be a tight fit and it sounds like yours has gotten loose. You might be able to take it out and spread the end out slightly to give it a tighter fit but I recommend getting a new one and tapping it in using a soft hammer or something that wont damage the new tube.

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Yes, the loose spoke nipple protrudes into the protective tube tape and could wear a hole in the tape as well as the tube itself. The problem could be woursened if the nipple is very loose and the tube or tire pressure is over inflated.

The fix would be prevention of the nipple loosening.

Another problem could be when a nipple is too tight and the spoke protrudes out of the end of the nipple and wears a hole in the tube tape and tube.

You might get lucky by doing this: deflate the tire, tighten the spoke nipple then inflate the tire to proper psi, then spit on your finger and place the saliva onto the tube and schrader valve: wait and see if bubbles are produced if so tighten the schrader valve and you are set to go.

a kaleidscope is a tube of mirrors containing loose colored beads, pebbles or other small colored objects.